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KMID : 1156220100360010061
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Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
2010 Volume.36 No. 1 p.61 ~ p.71
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Chemical Composition of Respirable PM2.5 and Inhalable PM₁? in Iksan City during Fall, 2004
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Kang Gong-Unn
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Abstract
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Intensive measurements of airborne respirable PM2.5 and inhalable PM₁? were conducted in the downtown area of Iksan city. The PM2.5 and PM₁? samples were collected twice a day in the Iksan city of Korea from October 17 to November 1, 2004. The purpose of the study was to determine the inorganic water-soluble components and trace elements of PM2.5 and PM₁? in the atmospheric environment and estimate the contribution rate of major chemical components from a mass balance of all measured particulate species. The chemical analysis for PM samples was conducted for water-soluble inorganic ions using ion chromatography and trace elements using PIXE analysis. The mean concentrations of respirable PM2.5 and inhalable PM₁? were 51.4±29.7 and 79.5±39.6 ㎍/㎥, respectively, and the ratio was 0.62. The ion species of NO₃, SO₄²?, and NH₄? were abundant in both PM₁? and PM2.5. These components predominated in respirable PM2.5 fraction, while Na?, Mg²?, Ca²? mostly existed in coarse particle mode. Elemental components of S, Cl, K, and Si were abundant in both PM2.5 and PM₁?. These elements, except for Si, were considered to be emitted from anthropogenic sources, while Si, Al, Fe, Ca existed mainly in coarse particle mode and were considered to be emitted from crustal materials. The averaged mass balance analysis showed that ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, crustal component, and other trace elements were composed of 18.4%, 13.2%, 4.8%, 3.5% for PM2.5 and 17.0%, 11.6%, 13.7%, 4.4% for PM₁?, respectively.
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KEYWORD
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respirable PM2.5, inhalable PM₁?, inorganic ions, elemental components, anthropogenic sources
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